Embracing Our Shared Humanity with Koichi Togashi

Episode 6

I Could Be You, You Could Be Me: Embracing Our Shared Humanity with Koichi Togashi

  • Koichi Tagashi, Ph.D., L.P., is a certified clinical psychologist in Japan; a licensed psychoanalyst in the State of New York; and a certified psychoanalyst at the National Association for Advancement of Psychoanalysis (NAAP), New York. He is a member of the faculty, and training & supervising analyst at the Training and Research in Intersubjective Self Psychology Foundation (TRISP), a professor at Konan University, Kobe, Japan. He is a member of the Council of the International Association of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, and an associate editor of Psychoanalysis, Self and Context. He is also the editor of Psychoanalytic Inquiry, and The Japanese Journal of Psycho-Analysis. He has published numerous books and articles in Intersubjectivity, Relational Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Self Psychology in the US, Japan, and Taiwan. He is the 2020 Gradiva Award Winner in Best Book Category by NAAP for his book, “The Psychoanalytic Zero: A Decolonizing Study of Therapeutic Dialogues” and he received the Publication Prize by Japan Psychoanalytic Association in 2022.

  • Knowing others is a fundamental part of our human experience... But it is also an impossible task. And while empathy brings us closer to understanding this ‘otherness’, it still maintains a quality of difference –that those we empathize with are inherently distinct from ourselves.

    But perhaps there is a space within our minds where we can understand each other simply as we are, or once were, before we shaped our own journeys – as equals, as solely human. This place, where all humanity is shared, is what Koichi Togashi refers to as 'The Psychoanalytic Zero'.

    In this episode of The Art of Listening, Koichi recalls his journey into the field of Psychoanalysis. He tells us how he learned to balance Eastern and Western perspectives between Japan, his native country, and New York, his adopted city. Koichi also describes how his own quest for acceptance and understanding fueled his need to create his own theory. Together, we learn how the ‘Psychoanalytic Zero’ considers the complexities of division and difference while uncovering the underlying threads that bind us all together in the tapestry of the universe.

    Chapters

    1 - Finding balance between Eastern and Western practices (4:07)

    2 - The relationship between trauma, empathy and the Psychoanalytic Zero (13:35)

    3 - In practice: the Psychoanalytic Zero as a philosophy (18:30)

    4 - Difference in practice and approaches to trauma in Japan (22:22)

    5 - Makoto: the potential of letting go (28:25)

    Links

    Koichi Togashi

    Koichi’s Books

    Eileen Dunn

    More from ‘The Art of Listening’

  • Koichi: [00:00:01] What I need is to go back to the original point of meaning. It is just a coincidence. Just the constellation of a coincidence. I could have been him. I could have been her. So all human beings, in my understanding, is to be in the same universe.

    Eileen: [00:00:30] I'm Eileen Dunn, and this is the Art of listening, a podcast that delves into the incomparable power of human connection and the magic of good depth Talk therapy. Joining us today is Koichi Togashi. As each of us maps out our sense of self, who we are, what we feel, where the ends of us meet, the beyond, we are bound to encounter something else, something foreign that will thicken its skin with time. Same as we flesh out the details of who we are. From this peculiar meeting curiosity grows, asking the question of what more could be. Again and again, never quite landing on an exacting truth. Could I grasp what others are living and breathing through? How do I bridge this divide to reach the other shore? Can I unveil just enough in others to find a shared plane of existence? Or as Koichi Togashi likes to put it.

    Koichi: [00:01:42] We could go back to original meanings, original point of human encounters in which he and I and she and I were in the same universe.

    Eileen: [00:02:00] Our conversation today is an attempt at finding each other. With Koichi we explore how division seeps into language as we seek to tell our individual stories, and we find that even the softest of words like empathy serve to label a contradiction, to be different yet reaching out. Accepting the insufficiency of language, Koichi will revisit moments of deep connection, locating their place of origin, which he calls the psychoanalytic zero. But before we join him in conversation, I ask you once more to consider a few questions throughout the episode. In your heart of hearts. What makes you feel that you belong in the world? Aligned with your surroundings, even as you grow into yourself and further away from all you once knew. What place in your mind or in the world do you return to when you feel a deep longing for connection and understanding? To give us food for thought? Let us speak to our guest, Koichi Togashi, a psychoanalyst practicing in Japan and the United States. He's the author of the Psychoanalytic Zero Decolonizing Study of Therapeutic Dialogues. The heart of your message as I got it and get it is something about what connects us as human beings. You know what transcends the differences between East and West... And how do we think about ourselves as human beings? You know, in relationship with our patients as human beings. Listening is what connects us with our patients, with each other, and with ourselves as human beings. You know, it's that quality of listening to really, really hear. So in the spirit of all that and my connection I feel I have with you as we come into this, thinking back to growing up, just reaching into your own personhood from the beginning of your lifetime, you know, do you think that the skill of listening, the capacity to really listen, was something natural to you from your youth? Or was it something that you had to work hard to learn.

    Koichi: [00:04:35] Thinking back my childhood. I was not the listener... and interested in human beings...But it's very hard for me to listen to people. Then I get a training as a clinical psychologist, and I went to the New York City and I got a training in psychoanalysis. I Learned a lot. I learned a lot how we can diagnose, how we can assess a patient, how we can label a patient as a patient. So I thought I was very good at diagnosing assessing patients, but I did not think I was very good listener because I found myself forgetting how my patients are... Human beings. After I had a session with my patient, I always think I missed something important voice of my patient ... The more I believe I am good analyst and psychologist to label the patient, the more I feel I'm not a good listener. So this is my struggle. I have struggled a long time as a therapist. So this is the one of the reason why I try to have new theory to be connected to a patient. Real human beings.

    Eileen: [00:06:12] New theory. Say more.

    Koichi: [00:06:15] New theory is a theory which helps me to experience myself and my patients, both as a human being. And psychoanalysis has, you know, several schools of sorts. So I am a self psychologist. I'm self psychological And intersubjective theorist. The self psychology and intersubjectivity focuses on empathy, the term empathy. The empathy is very helpful word a beautiful word which helps me to connect with patients. The patient in mind. But I'm not satisfied with the concept. It is a beautiful word, but to me, when we say we are empathetic to a patient, there is a basic premise that they and I are different. There is a basic premise that I and others are different because, you know, we say we are empathic with them, meaning I know they are a different person from me. I am not them. So we have to transcend and go beyond the self and other differentiation. You know, some people healthy, some people are poor and some people are wealthy. There's many division here. He's a patient... i am not... You know, distinctions.

    Eileen: [00:07:49] Dichotomies.

    Koichi: [00:07:50] Yeah, dichotomies. But it is just a coincidence. Just the constellation of a coincidence that I... that I was not being abused, but she was. I was not the victimizer, but he was. That's just to me, it's a due to the constellation of coincidence. I could have been him. I could have been her. So all human beings, in my understanding, is to be in the same universe. It's it's it's eastern idea. But the Western people have trained it's like and a training in a New York City for five years. And they gave me the important concept empathy. But. As long as I use the term an empathy. I don't believe that we can go beyond or transcend self and other differentiation. What I need is to go back to the original point. Of meaning. Because it is my belief that we are human beings. So. How we can go back to the original point before we are divided. So this is a theory. I probably need it.

    Eileen: [00:09:17] Instead of being about. The fact that we're different is something about what we share or what makes us connected most fundamentally.

    Koichi: [00:09:30] Yeah, don't like the word connection because connection means. Two different people are connected.

    Eileen: [00:09:38] Okay, right. You're that sensitive, right?

    Koichi: [00:09:41] Yeah. So what I'm thinking is it's related to my background. You know, I've grown up in this. You know, in Japan, I always feel I am alien, I am... and I am not connected to the community. I know I'm a Japanese, I speak Japanese, but my way of thinking. Is sometime criticized by the people around me. And you are not Japanese. Your way of thinking is so different from them. There is one of the reason why I decided to go to New York. I looked for the place in which I feel more secure and connected. New York City is very wonderful city to me because there are people so different. I don't have to be worry about my, you know, myself. I am me and it's so obvious that they and i are different. But same time. I went to New York. I entered in the United States. July 30th, 2001. It's one month earlier than 9/11 attack. Wow. And I lived in the 46th Street in the Midtown of Manhattan and very close to in the downtown. But it's, you know, it is interesting experience to me. The night of attack. I was very shocked by the terrorist attack. But same time, the 911 helps me. To accommodate or, you know, connect it to the New York people. The first one month after I entered into the United States, I suffered from deep, deep culture shock.

    Koichi: [00:11:36] I found myself feeling alone and lonely and disconnected to the people because then I left everything behind in Japan. I quit my job. I leave my friends or, you know. But after September 11th, I sensed that all New Yorkers are, you know, get connected, get together. We are all survivors or we are victimized. So that's helped me to adjust myself to the new city. But a few months after I recognized that I am a Japanese, east Asian. Heritage. So I feel safe in the New York City. But how, you know, Arab people experience this incident, how Islamic people experience the kind of, you know, environment. So it means that to me, we create connection by. Dumping out other people... If we create division. Then we try to survive in this world. The human connection is very helpful. It's important. But at the same time, human connection creates division. That's maybe big experience to me and it's motivated me to seek a new theory. So what I'm thinking is how we could go back to original meanings, original point of human encounters, in which he and I and she and I were in the same universe. I could have been him and he could have been me.

    Eileen: [00:13:38] Listening to Koichi, I am struck by the resilience and the plasticity of his thinking. Amongst the rubble of a city torn by tragedy. He finds trauma exposed anew as a place of connect and disconnect. What a fascinating discovery. On the one hand, bearing the brunt of tragedy brings us together, submitting to its weight. We lose the same. We grieve the same. We survive the same. On the other hand, trauma hinders our ability to reach further than what we can see. We grow defensive, territorial, defining with a rigidity. We mistake for strength. Who is allowed to share our sorrow? We push away whoever is left beyond these limits. The borders of our understanding. Like both sides of a picture laid flat in a diptych. Trauma lets us in on a hidden place. Wherein lies the original point of connection. But this shared humanity is not contained in trauma. If anything, trauma is only a door we step through to access it. Hence, for Koichi, the tragic events of 911 were a passage, a route through which he caught a glimpse of something new, a different kind of thinking. It really was just that moment when you came to this country, in that moment in your lifetime, and it contributed to your experience of connecting, but also the launch of the thinking that you've been doing since then. I could be you. You could be me, right? Is that what you mean by the psychoanalytic zero? Yeah. Yes.

    Koichi: [00:15:29] It is the original point we can go back to. To me, it a trauma point. Trauma. Some people believe trauma destroy and the human world. And some people believe the trauma creates a human division, human divide. But I don't believe trauma creates something. A human being creates trauma because we have to label. We have to name. he, she and I. And this is you. This is me. We human being. Name it. That's create the trauma to me. So my challenge is how we therapist go back to the original point before we name the word... Am I crazy?!

    Eileen: [00:16:27] No, I mean... I think again, I think that what you're putting words to and words are labels which again have their function but also their limit. But in an effort to communicate and share your thought that it's just profoundly fundamental that there's something much bigger and original. And enduring that we share. Then what distinguishes us or comes to apparently separate us or distinguish us.

    Koichi: [00:17:07] Yeah, but I'm not saying that the concept of zero or the player witness is an idea which should praise the empathy or other psychoanalytic term. And also, I don't think we can become our patient. The patient and I are different. It's obvious to me. And he or she is a patient, I am therapist. We can we can deny the difference. But to me, through the concept of analytic zero or the sense of being player witness. We can remember. How we miss the basic human being. You know, the concept reminds me how we forget about. We are born as a human being.

    Eileen: [00:18:05] That's it. So you're saying it doesn't preclude empathy or these other levels of thought about theory and technique and the roles of our work and relationship... There's a point to all that, it's not a problem. But it's something about that fundamental reminder that we are human beings, and it's a thing to remember that affects everything we do and how we do it in the work. I'm thinking about the patient you described who had the disfigurement of her face, let's say, and how you talked about... You both knew it. So little was said directly, explicitly. I understood that to be timing and process and sensitivity in that until there came a time where there was a crisis moment where she said, "am I ugly?" And the delicate way that you responded in saying in responding and nodding. And not saying more as I recall and understood it. It was like a moment of I want to say contact. Between you. And shared encounter. That was maybe the moment you had been living in the work, preparing for all the time. That, then, was the turning point in the work where that which she had suffered, you know, being patronised by the world or feeling judged and distanced, etcetera, and then fighting within herself, she had a different encounter with you. And could leave the treatment feeling herself differently in the world, knowing that feeling the zero. I want to say that somehow she got the message herself. It could have been you. Koichi instead of herself.

    Koichi: [00:20:00] Yeah. Thank you for reading carefully my book. Thank you so much. I think it is a very moment that we share what kind of world we live. So. And at this point, I no longer feel that she is a patient. I have to be empathic. She is no longer the poor patient she is. She's just human beings. And because I could have got scar in my face in another universe. So the reason I believe why this idea is very important is because it helps me to understand why we therapists want to treat our patients. It's not easy job. We spend a lot of energy to be with them, to listen to them. Why we want to do you know, is it because we they are poor victims that we want to spend the time to listen to them? It is because we want we have professional grade skills that we spend our energy being with the so-called difficult patient. My answer is no. We are willing to do such hard work because we know that somewhere along with the way, we have been in the same universe.

    Eileen: [00:21:25] This sounds like your answer to the question. You know, what's the understanding you believe to be integral to all professional listeners success with our patients... This sounds like your answer. Yeah. Freed from the need to identify with theory, Koichi roots his practice in a bare pre liminal space wherein all life is shared. This makes knowing others intrinsically valuable. Natural even. But his approach is as simple as it is deceptive. For it takes time, trials, errors, and numerous humbling things to peel back the layers. So, Koichi, I you know, I have the sense that you've been on your own real journey over the course of your lifetime, since your youth and your young adulthood in the profession, through the academics that are necessary to come into, you know, these capacities. I wonder how you think of yourself growing over time, from what you know about your own experience of living into the limit of what the textbook could tell you and what launched your own learning, your own growth coming into your beliefs. Was there a pivotal moment where you said, that's it, burn the books? It's up to me. Well.

    Koichi: [00:23:11] There's a huge ambition in my mind still and in the psychoanalytic world. I want to be famous or I want to be. I want to get some kind of, you know, prize, or I want to have some kind of reputation from my community. I'm still very narcissistic and grandiose. I not able to leave the grandiose fantasy, but but the one of the important experiences I had is, you know, my, my practice in in Hiroshima. I'm practicing now in Hiroshima and Kobe. I had no connection with the Hiroshima city. But when I graduated from the Psychoanalytic Institute in New York City, I got a position at the university in Hiroshima. It's just a coincidence that I started my practice in the Hiroshima city. Because I was born in Tokyo and growing up in Tokyo area, I have no idea what kind of trauma the people in Hiroshima have. But as soon as I started seeing the patient in the city, I realized that every patient there has a piece of trauma. You know, the piece of trauma from A bomb. Atomic bomb or Pacific war. It was almost 80 years ago. 80 years ago. Most of my patients are second or third generation of atomic bomb survivors, or some patients are not directly related to atomic bomb in any of their generations, but they they can see trauma in their mind. For example, some patients show less or no emotional responses to natural disaster, war, and terrorism. Some patients are very highly sensitive to these events. I think the city of Hiroshima itself was traumatized. In a sense. They believe even small children need to witness A Bomb disaster. Elementary schools in Hiroshima City take even children as young as 6 or 7 years old to the Peace Memorial Museum, which shows people grotesque and miserable and painful pictures and films of atomic bomb.

    Koichi: [00:25:56] The children often suffer from the secondary trauma because they are, you know, exposed to the kind of films. What is even more interesting to me is that. By showing such a painful and hurtful. Photos and films of Japanese people. They are trying to let children know that the Japanese are terrible. Perpetuators Victimizers. I don't deny that Japanese are guilty. It is an undeniable fact that Japan started a terrible war and destroyed many Asian cities and kills a lot of people in Asia, in America and other region. But the problem is, they proved their guilt by showing many injured, killed Japanese people and then I question and keep questioning. How we can differentiate between. Victimizer and victims in the Pacific War. I believe Japanese people are victimizers as well as a victim. How I can, you know, walk out the kind of distinction. That's very important question to me because I'm a therapist. So in my practice, I believe that we are sometime. Stay in the kind of division because we. Say. He or she is a patient. I am not a patient. I am a therapist. He was. She is, you know, pathological. And I'm not. So you know this type of division. Also, we can see the kind of division all over the world. It's not on the social trauma, social problems, but also our clinical practice. So we cannot completely forget the kind of division. But I believe that there is a way that we can work out this divide.

    Eileen: [00:28:29] Overcoming our divisions is a process that brings us face to face with our deepest contradictions. This task is as intuitive as it is taxing. It's necessary, yet it relies solely on our goodwill. And while we know it is the work of the impossible, we strive for it no matter what, and so exerting our desire to transcend difference will leave us strained. Taking us to a place of pain which can be a vector of connection, as we have seen. But as we etch this process deeper into who we are, let us also learn a new way to meet to cross paths at the junction of our human experiences. Let us rest and connect through surrender. You know, I read your description and discussion of. Am I pronouncing it correctly? Makoto. Makoto. Makoto. Makoto. I wonder if you could say something more about that. It just really struck me, as I want to call it a beautiful aesthetic, the way you described it in the midst of all of what we've been talking about together.

    Koichi: [00:29:52] Yeah. Makoto in Japanese is a controversial term. It's good and bad. Sometimes very good, sometimes very bad. Makoto means surrendering our self to the big flow of the universe. It's very eastern, you know? More narrow meaning is to be honest with my mind. Honest with myself means surrendering ourselves to the the big flow of the universe because they, and I believe that individual is a part of the universe. There's no distinction between, you know, big society and the big universe and individual. Individual is always part of the flow of the universe. So sometimes Japanese people surrender ourself to big movement of society by using the term of Makoto. This word more negative form. It's suicide attack. You know, in Japanese people, the young people believe that killing themselves is to help the world. Because, you know, there's no question about their individual life, because the flow of the universe require them to kill themselves. It's very negative form. It is a pure it is honesty for these people. That's what I said, that it is very controversial, but we can use this word in a positive way. To me, so surrendering our self to be with the environment as a conditions, just to be with patients, storing up all of the idea of theories and techniques and skills. So we just forget about all things, then we surrender ourself to the place. This is the way I supposed to do this. This is a sense of Makoto. We are human beings always have some preoccupation. It's pretty hard for us to. You know, get rid of the preoccupation. Maybe it's impossible, but we may be able to get the moment in which we get rid of all of the artificial theories or understanding or preoccupation.

    Eileen: [00:32:44] I totally appreciate your, you know, spelling it out. And nothing is simple. It makes me think that it really does come back to, I want to say, our intention, but I wonder, by way of pulling ourselves to a close here, this is a different medium than writing a paper and delivering it, you know, before a group of colleagues. This is a different medium. It's very intimate. It's just you and me here, really. But I wonder how it's been for you. What do you notice when you pause? How has it been to be here with me and see what has happened?

    Koichi: [00:33:18] I enjoy talking with you and being with you, but what I feel a little bit sad is that this is not my first language. You know, this is my second language. It's pretty hard for me to describe what I'm thinking. But maybe even in Japanese. I'm always feel the difficult, you know, to describe what I'm thinking. But second language is more difficult for me to use to describe the kind of complicated and sensitive ideas. And also, we are preoccupied with language, as many philosophers says. Talking about my sensitivity and talking about eastern concept in English, it's sometime very difficult because the basic philosophies are so different. But but you know, I'm so happy to be with you and wish I could connect it to each other with that language.

    Eileen: [00:34:26] You know, I really appreciate your honesty and your candor here. I think you come to life here. Koichi, I think we come to life here different when we try to talk to each other with and without words. Yeah. Your language and mine, you know, and that might sound a little idealistic, but that's how it works for me. And that's how I feel it. As our conversation with Koichi comes to a close, I am reminded of why we choose to come together. Withstanding our contradictions, the search for others begins with a desire to understand their difference. To overcome a divide. As we dive in looking for our shared humanity, language no longer suffices. It fails to capture who we are beyond duality. Instead, experience must take the lead, tearing us apart only to reunite us at a starting point. The psychoanalytic zero. As I begin to understand Koichi, this is the place of connection for us all. Through tragedy, we cross a threshold, returning to a space of belonging, of togetherness, where we only need to surrender. To Koichi. This is an eastern idea, but one that unfolds universally. We find each other because we float in the same sky.

    Eileen: [00:36:07] All of us in constellations. It is a truth as simple as it is bewildering. The idea that I could have been you and you could have been me. That we are cut from the same cloth. When we let go of ourselves into our profound nature, something emerges out of the deep. The understanding that being together requires no flow of words or finite, all encompassing knowledge. In the end, true understanding is not our ability to morph into what is other, to adhere to it at every point of contact. Instead, it is the conscious act of seeing, of listening, of witnessing the existence of something else and saying, let it be. This has been the art of listening. Again, my name is Eileen Dunn. Please join us for the next episode as we continue to dive into the space between speaker and listener. You can follow on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you listen to podcasts. And if you enjoyed the show, please leave a review and a five star rating. It helps us grow so that we can keep bringing you new conversations. And we'll see you next time.

  • 浩一: [00:00:01] 私が必要なのは、本来の意味のポイントに戻ることです。ただの偶然です。ただの偶然の星座。私は彼になれたかもしれない。私は彼女だったかもしれない。ですから、私の理解では、すべての人間は同じ宇宙にいるということです。

    アイリーン: [00:00:30] 私はアイリーン・ダンです、これは人と人とのつながりの比類なき力と、深いトークセラピーの魔法を掘り下げるポッドキャスト、The Art of Listeningです。本日は冨樫浩一さんです。私たち一人一人が、自分らしさ、何を感じるか、私たちの終わりが出会う場所、その先にあるものについて、自分の感覚をマッピングするとき、私たちは何か別のもの、時間とともにその皮膚を厚くする異質な何かに出会うに違いありません。私たちが誰であるかの詳細を肉付けするのと同じです。この独特な出会いから好奇心が芽生え、これ以上何ができるのかという疑問が湧いてきます。何度も何度も、厳密な真実にたどり着くことは決してありません。他の人が何を生き、呼吸しているのかを把握できますか?この分断を埋めて向こう岸にたどり着くにはどうすればいいのか?私は、存在の共有された平面を見つけるのに十分なだけ他者のベールを脱ぐことができるでしょうか?あるいは、富樫浩一が言うように。

    浩一: [00:01:42] 彼と私、彼女と私が同じ宇宙にいたという、人間同士の出会いの原初の意味、原点に立ち返ることができます。

    アイリーン: [00:02:00] 今日の会話は、お互いを見つけようとする試みです。「Koichi」では、個々の物語を語ろうとする中で、分断が言語にどのように浸透していくのかを探り、共感のような最もソフトな言葉でさえ、矛盾をレッテルを貼り、異なっているが手を差し伸べる役割を果たしていることに気づく。言語の不足を受け入れた浩一は、深いつながりの瞬間を再訪し、その起源を突き止め、それを精神分析のゼロと呼ぶ。しかし、彼の会話に加わる前に、もう一度、エピソード全体を通していくつかの質問について考えていただきたいと思います。あなたの心の中。自分がこの世界に属していると感じる理由は何ですか?周囲と同調し、自分自身に成長し、かつて知っていたすべてからさらに離れる。つながりや理解への深い憧れを感じるとき、あなたは心や世界のどの場所に戻りますか?私たちに思考の糧を与えるために?ゲストの富樫浩一さん、日本とアメリカで活躍する精神分析医にお話を伺いましょう。著書に『Psychoanalytic Zero Decolonizing Study of Therapeutic Dialogues』がある。私がそれを受け取り、それを受け取ったあなたのメッセージの核心は、人間として私たちをつなぐものについての何かです。東洋と西洋の違いを超越するものは何か...そして、私たちは自分自身を人間としてどのように考えますか?患者さんと人間としての関係においてです。耳を傾けることは、私たちと患者、お互い、そして人間としての私たち自身をつなぐものです。ほんとうに、ほんとうに聴くという質なんです。ですから、私たちがこの世界に入るとき、私があなたとつながっていると感じているすべての精神と私のつながりの中で、あなたがたの成長を振り返って、あなたの人生の初めからあなた自身の人格に手を伸ばしているとき、あなたは知っていますか、聞くスキル、本当に聞く能力は、あなたの若い頃からあなたにとって自然なものだったと思いますか?それとも、一生懸命勉強しなければ学ばないものだったのでしょうか。

    浩一: [00:04:35] 子供の頃を振り返ってみて。私は聞き手ではなかった... そして人間に興味...でも、人の話を聞くのがとても難しいんです。その後、臨床心理士としての訓練を受け、ニューヨーク市に行って精神分析の訓練を受けました。私は多くのことを学びました。診断の仕方、患者を評価する方法、患者を患者としてラベル付けする方法など、多くのことを学びました。ですから、私は患者を評価するのが得意だと思っていましたが、患者さんの様子を忘れてしまっていたので、聞き上手だとは思いませんでした。じんるい。患者さんとセッションをした後、私はいつも患者さんの大切な声を見逃していたと思います... 自分は患者にレッテルを貼るのに良い分析家や心理学者だと信じれば信じるほど、自分は聞き上手ではないと感じます。これが私の葛藤です。私は長い間、セラピストとして苦労してきました。これが、私が患者とつながるための新しい理論を持とうとする理由の1つです。生身の人間。

    アイリーン: [00:06:12] 新説。もっと言う。

    Koichi: [00:06:15] 新しい理論は、私自身と私の患者を人間として経験するのに役立つ理論です。そして、精神分析には、ご存じのように、いくつかの学派があります。ですから、私は自己心理学者です。私は自己心理学的であり、間主観的な理論家です。自己心理学と間主観性は、共感という用語である共感に焦点を当てています。共感は、患者とつながるのに役立つ非常に役立つ言葉であり、美しい言葉です。患者を念頭に置いて。しかし、私はそのコンセプトに満足していません。綺麗な言葉ですが、私にとっては、患者さんに共感すると言うとき、患者さんと自分は違うという大前提があります。私と他の人は違うという基本的な前提があります、なぜなら、私たちは彼らに共感していると言っているので、彼らが私とは違う人であることを知っているからです。私は彼らではない。ですから、私たちは自己や他の分化を超越し、超越しなければなりません。健康な人もいれば、貧しい人もいれば、裕福な人もいます。ここには多くの分裂があります。彼は忍耐強い...私は違います。。。ご存じのとおり、区別です。

    アイリーン: [00:07:49] 二分法。

    浩一: [00:07:50] ああ、二分法だ。しかし、それは単なる偶然です。私が...私は虐待されていなかったが、彼女は虐待されていた。私は加害者ではなかったが、彼は加害者だった。それはあくまでも私だけの話で、偶然の星座によるものです。私は彼になれたかもしれない。私は彼女だったかもしれない。ですから、私の理解では、すべての人間は同じ宇宙にいるということです。それは東洋の考えです。しかし、欧米の人々は、ニューヨーク市で5年間、訓練を積んできたようなものです。そして、共感という重要な概念を私に与えてくれました。だがしかし。私が共感という言葉を使う限り。私は、自己や他の分化を乗り越えたり、超越したりできるとは思っていません。私が必要なのは、元のポイントに戻ることです。意味の。なぜなら、私たちは人間だと信じているからです。だから。分裂する前に、どうすれば元のポイントに戻ることができますか。ですから、これは理論です。私はおそらくそれを必要としています。

    アイリーン: [00:09:17] アバウトではなく。私たちが他と違うという事実は、私たちが何を共有しているか、あるいは私たちを最も根本的に結びつけているものなのです。

    Koichi: [00:09:30] ああ、接続という言葉は好きじゃない。2人の異なる人物がつながっている。

    アイリーン: [00:09:38] なるほど。そんなに敏感なんですよね?

    浩一: [00:09:41] うん。だから、私が考えているのは、それは私のバックグラウンドに関連しているということです。私はその中で育ちました。日本では、私はいつも自分が異質な存在だと感じています。そして、私はコミュニティとつながっていません。私は日本人で、日本語を話しますが、私の考え方です。周りの人から批判されることもあります。そして、あなたは日本人ではありません。あなたの考え方は彼らとは大きく異なります。ニューヨークに行こうと思った理由の一つがあります。私は、より安全でつながりを感じられる場所を探しました。ニューヨークは私にとってとても素晴らしい街で、とても変わった人たちがいます。自分のことを心配する必要はない。私は私であり、彼らと私が違うのは明らかです。しかし、同じ時間。ニューヨークに行ってきました。アメリカに入国しました。2001年7月30日。9.11同時多発テロより1ヶ月早い。ワウ。マンハッタンのミッドタウンの46丁目に住んでいて、ダウンタウンのすぐ近くに住んでいました。でも、私にとっては興味深い経験です。襲撃の夜。私はテロ攻撃にとてもショックを受けました。しかし同時に、911は私を助けてくれます。ニューヨークの人々に対応するため、あるいはニューヨークの人々と結びつけるためです。渡米して最初の1ヶ月は、深いカルチャーショックを受けました。

    Koichi: [00:11:36] 私は孤独感と孤独感を感じ、人々とのつながりを断ち切っていました。私は仕事を辞めました。友達と別れたり、別れたり。でも、9月11日以降、ニューヨーカーはみんなつながっていて、集まっているんだと感じました。私たちは皆、生存者であるか、犠牲者です。おかげで、新しい街に馴染むことができました。しかし、数ヶ月後、私は自分が日本人であり、東アジア人であることに気づきました。遺産。だから、ニューヨークは安全だと感じています。しかし、アラブの人々がこの事件をどのように経験し、イスラムの人々がどのような環境を経験するか。ですから、私にとっては、つながりを創り出すということです。他の人を捨てる...分断を生む場合。そして、この世界で生き延びようとします。人と人とのつながりはとても助かります。大切です。しかし同時に、人と人とのつながりは分断を生む。それは私にとって大きな経験であり、新しい理論を模索するモチベーションになっています。ですから、私が考えているのは、彼と私、彼女と私が同じ宇宙にいたという、人間の出会いの本来の意味、原点にどうやって戻ることができるかということです。私は彼になれたかもしれないし、彼は私だったかもしれない。

    アイリーン: [00:13:38] 浩一の話を聞いていて、彼の思考の回復力と可塑性に感銘を受けました。悲劇に引き裂かれた街の瓦礫の中。彼は、トラウマがつながりと断絶の場として新たに露呈していることに気づく。なんと魅力的な発見でしょう。一方では、悲劇の矢面に立つことで、私たちは団結し、その重みに服従します。私たちは同じものを失います。私たちも同じ悲しみを嘆きます。私たちも同じように生き延びています。一方、トラウマは、目に見えるものよりも遠くまで到達する能力を妨げます。私たちは防御的、縄張り意識的、硬直性を持って成長します。私たちは強さと勘違いしています。誰が私たちの悲しみを分かち合うことが許されるでしょうか。私たちは、この限界を超えて取り残された者を押しのけます。私たちの理解の境界線。二連祭壇画に平らに並べられた絵の両面のように。トラウマは、私たちを隠された場所へと誘います。ここに最初の接続点があります。しかし、この共有された人間性は、トラウマには含まれていません。どちらかといえば、トラウマは私たちがそれにアクセスするために足を踏み入れる扉にすぎません。それゆえ、浩一にとって、911の悲劇的な出来事は、何か新しいもの、異なる種類の思考を垣間見るための通過点であり、道筋だった。それはまさに、あなたがこの国に来た瞬間、あなたの人生のその瞬間であり、それはあなたのつながりの経験に貢献しただけでなく、それ以来あなたが行ってきた思考の立ち上げにも貢献しました。私はあなたかもしれません。あなたは私かもしれませんよね?精神分析のゼロとはそういう意味ですか?はい。はい。

    浩一: [00:15:29] ここが、私たちが立ち返ることができる原点です。私にとっては、トラウマポイントです。トラウマ。トラウマが人間の世界を破壊し、信じている人もいます。そして、トラウマが人間の分裂、人間の分裂を生み出すと信じている人もいます。しかし、トラウマが何かを生み出すとは思いません。人間がトラウマを作るのは、レッテルを貼らなければならないからです。名前を挙げる必要があります。彼も、彼女も、そして私も。そして、これがあなたです。これは私です。私たち人間。名前を付けます。それがトラウマになってしまいました。ですから、私の課題は、私たちセラピストが、その言葉に名前を付ける前に、どのように原点に立ち返るのかということです。私は頭がおかしいのでしょうか?!

    アイリーン: [00:16:27] いや、つまり...もう一度考えてみますが、あなたが言葉をつけているもの、言葉はラベルであり、その役割は果たして限界もあると思います。しかし、自分の考えを伝え、共有するためには、もっと大きくて独創的なものがあるということが根本的です。そして、私たちが分かち合うことに耐え忍ぶこと。では、何が私たちを際立たせるのか、あるいは明らかに私たちを分離し、あるいは区別するようになるのか。

    Koichi: [00:17:07] ええ、でも私は、ゼロやプレイヤーの目撃者という概念が、共感やその他の精神分析用語を称賛すべきアイデアだと言っているのではありません。それに、患者にはなれないと思います。患者さんと私は違います。それは私には明らかです。そして、彼または彼女は患者であり、私はセラピストです。私たちは、その違いを否定することができます。しかし、私にとっては、分析ゼロの概念や、プレイヤーの目撃者であるという感覚を通してです。私たちは覚えています。私たちは基本的な人間をいかに見逃しているか。このコンセプトは、私たちがいかに忘れているかを思い出させてくれます。私たちは人間として生まれてきます。

    アイリーン: [00:18:05] それでおしまい。つまり、共感や、理論や技術、仕事や人間関係の役割に関する他のレベルの思考を排除するものではないということですね。それには一理ありますが、それは問題ではありません。しかし、それは私たちが人間であるという根本的なことを思い出させてくれるものであり、私たちが行うすべてのことや、仕事におけるそれのやり方に影響を与えることを忘れてはならないものです。私は、あなたが説明した、顔の醜い患者について考えています、例えば、あなたがどのように話したか...お二人ともご存じでしたね。直接的に、はっきりと語られることはほとんどありませんでした。それはタイミングとプロセスと繊細さだと理解していましたが、彼女が「私は醜いのか」という危機的状況に陥る時が来るまでは。そして、返事をしたり、うなずいたりしながら、繊細な返事をしてくれました。そして、私が思い出して理解したように、それ以上は言いません。コンタクトと言いたい瞬間でした。あなたの間で。そして、出会いを分かち合う。それは、あなたがずっと準備をして、仕事に生きていた瞬間だったのかもしれません。それが作品のターニングポイントで、世間からひいきにされたり、批判されたり、距離を置かれたり、エトセトラにされたりして、自分の中で戦って、あなたと違った出会いをしたんです。そして、その感覚がゼロであることを知りながら、世界で違った自分を感じながら治療を終えることができます。どうにかして彼女自身がメッセージを受け取ったと言いたいです。それはあなただったかもしれません。自分の代わりに浩一。

    浩一: [00:20:00] うん。私の本を注意深く読んでくれてありがとう。どうもありがとうございます。私たちがどんな世界に生きているのか、まさにその瞬間だと思います。だから。そして、この時点で、私はもはや彼女が患者であるとは感じていません。共感しなきゃいけない。彼女はもはや、今のような哀れな患者ではありません。彼女はただの人間です。そして、別の宇宙で顔に傷を負うことができたからです。ですから、なぜこの考え方がとても重要だと思うかというと、私たちセラピストがなぜ患者さんを治療したいのかを理解するのに役立つからです。それは簡単な仕事ではありません。私たちは彼らと一緒にいて、彼らの話を聞くために多くのエネルギーを費やしています。なぜ私たちが知りたいのか、それは私たちが彼らの話を聞くために時間を費やしたいのは、彼らが貧しい犠牲者であるからですか?プロ級のスキルを身に着けたいからこそ、いわゆる難しい患者さんと一緒にいることにエネルギーを費やしているのです。私の答えはノーです。私たちがこのようなハードワークを喜んで行うのは、その道のりのどこかで、同じ宇宙にいたことを知っているからです。

    アイリーン: [00:21:25] 質問に対するあなたの答えのようですね。すべてのプロのリスナーが患者と成功するために不可欠であるとあなたが信じている理解は何ですか...これはあなたの答えのように聞こえます。はい。理論と同一視する必要性から解放された浩一は、すべての生命が共有されるむき出しのプリリミナル空間に彼の実践を根付かせます。そのため、他人を知ることは本質的に価値があります。自然でさえ。しかし、彼のアプローチは、欺瞞的であると同時に単純です。というのも、その層を剥がすには、時間、試行錯誤、そして多くの謙虚なことが必要だからです。それで、浩一さん、私は、あなたが知っているように、あなたは若い頃から、この職業に就くために必要な学問を通して、生涯にわたって、あなた自身の本当の旅をしてきたと感じています。教科書に書かれていることの限界まで、自分の生きてきた経験から、自分の学びのきっかけ、自分の成長が信念に入ってくるところまで、時間をかけて成長していく自分をどう思っているのだろうか。「本を燃やせ」と言った重要な瞬間はありましたか?それは私次第です。まぁ。

    浩一: [00:23:11] 私の心の中には、精神分析の世界にも、大きな野心があります。有名になりたい、なりたい。何かしらの賞をもらいたいとか、コミュニティから何らかの評判を得たいとか。私は今でも非常にナルシストで誇大妄想的です。大袈裟な妄想から離れることはできませんが、私が経験した重要な経験の一つは、広島での実践です。今は広島と神戸で練習しています。広島市とは縁がなかった。しかし、ニューヨーク市の精神分析研究所を卒業すると、広島の大学に就職しました。私が広島市で開業したのは偶然です。私は東京で生まれ、東京で育ったので、広島の人たちがどんなトラウマを抱えているのか、まったくわかりません。しかし、街で患者を診るようになってすぐに、そこにいるすべての患者がトラウマを抱えていることに気づきました。爆弾のトラウマのかけらですね。原爆か太平洋戦争か。今から80年近く前のことです。今から80年前。私の患者さんの多くは被爆二世、三世で、どの世代も原爆に直接関わらないけれど、心にトラウマがあるという患者さんもいます。例えば、自然災害、戦争、テロに対して感情的な反応をほとんど示さない、またはまったく示さない患者もいます。一部の患者は、これらのイベントに対して非常に敏感です。広島という街自体がトラウマになっていたと思います。ある意味。彼らは、小さな子供でさえ、原爆の惨事を目撃する必要があると信じています。広島市内の小学校では、6、7歳の子どもまでもが平和記念資料館に通い、グロテスクで悲惨で痛々しい原爆の映像や映像を上映しています。

    Koichi: [00:25:56] 子どもたちは、映画に触れることで二次的なトラウマに苦しむことが多いです。さらに興味深いのは、その点です。そんな痛々しい、傷つく姿を見せることで。日本人の写真や映像。日本人はひどいということを子どもたちに知らしめようとしているのです。加害者、加害者。日本人が罪を犯していることは否定しません。日本が恐ろしい戦争を始め、アジアの多くの都市を破壊し、アジア、アメリカ、その他の地域で多くの人々を殺したことは否定できない事実です。しかし、問題は、彼らが多くの負傷者や殺害された日本人を見せて有罪を証明し、その後、私は疑問を抱き、疑問を抱き続けていることです。どのように区別できるか。太平洋戦争の加害者と犠牲者。日本人は被害者であると同時に加害者でもあると思います。どうすれば、ある種の区別から抜け出すことができますか。これは、セラピストである私にとって非常に重要な質問です。ですから、私の実践では、いつかはあると信じています。部門のようなものにとどまるのは、私たちだからです。言う。彼または彼女は患者です。私は患者ではありません。私はセラピストです。彼はそうでした。彼女は、ご存じのとおり、病的です。そして、私はそうではありません。ですから、あなたはこのタイプの分割を知っています。また、世界中で分断が見られます。それは社会的トラウマや社会問題ではなく、私たちの臨床実践にも関係しています。ですから、分断の類を完全に忘れることはできません。しかし、この分断を解消する方法はあると信じています。

    アイリーン: [00:28:29] 分断を乗り越えることは、私たちの最も深い矛盾と向き合うプロセスです。この作業は直感的であると同時に負担がかかります。それは必要なことですが、それは私たちの善意だけに依存しています。そして、それが不可能な仕事であることを知りながらも、何があってもそのために努力するので、違いを超越したいという願望を行使することは、私たちを緊張させるでしょう。これまで見てきたように、つながりのベクトルとなり得る痛みの場所に私たちを連れて行きます。しかし、このプロセスを私たち自身に深く刻み込むにつれて、私たちの人間の経験の交差点で出会うための新しい方法も学ぼうではありませんか。休息し、降伏を通してつながりましょう。ご存知のように、私はあなたの説明と議論を読みました。正しく発音できていますか?マコト。マコト。マコト。マコト。その辺りはもう少しおっしゃっていただけないでしょうか。私はそれを美しい美学と呼びたいのですが、私たちが一緒に話してきたことの真っ只中であなたがそれを説明した方法に、本当に衝撃を受けました。

    Koichi: [00:29:52] うん。日本語の「誠」は物議を醸す言葉です。それは良いことでもあり、悪いことでもあります。非常に良い場合もあれば、非常に悪い場合もあります。誠とは、宇宙の大きな流れに身を委ねることを意味します。とても東の国です。もっと狭い意味では、私の心に正直になることです。自分に正直になるということは、宇宙の大きな流れに身を委ねるということであり、それは彼らであり、個人は宇宙の一部であると信じているからです。大きな社会と、大きな宇宙と個人の間には区別がありません。個々人は、常に宇宙の流れの一部です。ですから、日本人は「誠」という言葉を使って、社会の大きな動きに身を委ねることがあります。この言葉はより否定的な形です。自爆攻撃です。日本人の若者は、自分を殺すことが世の中のためだと信じています。なぜなら、彼らの個々の人生に疑問の余地はないからだ、なぜなら、宇宙の流れは彼らに自殺を要求するからだ。とてもネガティブな形です。それは純粋であり、これらの人々にとっての正直さです。それは非常に物議を醸すものだと私は言いましたが、私たちはこの言葉を前向きに使うことができます。私にとっては、環境を条件として、ただ患者と一緒にいるために、理論や技術やスキルのアイデアをすべて蓄えるために、自己を明け渡すことです。だから、私たちはすべてのことを忘れて、その場所に身を委ねるのです。これは私がこれを行うことになっていた方法です。これが真琴の感覚です。私たちは人間であり、常に何かしらの先入観を持っています。それは私たちにとってかなり難しいことです。ほら、先入観を取り除いてください。不可能かもしれませんが、人工的な理論や理解、先入観をすべて取り除く瞬間を得ることができるかもしれません。

    アイリーン: [00:32:44] あなたの説明に心から感謝します。そして、何事も単純ではありません。それは本当に私たちの意図に帰着するのではないかと思わせてくれますが、ここで締めくくりとして、これは論文を書いて同僚の前で発表するのとは別の媒体なのではないかと思います。これは別の媒体です。とても親密です。ここにいるのはあなたと私だけです。しかし、あなたにとってはどうだったのだろうか。立ち止まって気づくことは何ですか?私と一緒にここにいて、何が起こったのかを見るのはどうでしたか?

    Koichi: [00:33:18] あなたと話したり、一緒にいるのは楽しいのですが、少し寂しいのは、これが私の母国語ではないということです。ご存知のように、これは私の第二言語です。自分が考えていることを説明するのはかなり難しいです。でも、もしかしたら日本語でも。私はいつも、自分が考えていることを説明するのが難しいと感じています。しかし、第二言語は、複雑で繊細な考えを説明するのに使うのが難しくなります。そしてまた、多くの哲学者が言うように、私たちは言語に夢中になっています。自分の感受性について、東洋の概念を英語で話すのは、基本的な哲学があまりにも違うので、とても難しいことがあります。でもね、でもね、私はあなたと一緒にいられるのがとても幸せで、その言葉でお互いに繋がれたらいいのにと思います。

    アイリーン: [00:34:26] あなたの正直さと率直さに本当に感謝しています。ここで生き返ると思います。浩一さん、言葉があってもなくても、お互いに話そうとすると、ここでの生活が違うと思います。はい。あなたの言語と私の言語は、少し理想論的に聞こえるかもしれませんが、私にとってはそれがうまくいく方法です。そんな風に感じています。浩一との会話が終わりに近づくにつれ、なぜ私たちが一緒にいることを選んだのかを思い出しました。矛盾に耐えながらも、他者の探求は、その違いを理解したいという願望から始まります。分断を乗り越えるために。私たちが共有する人間性を求めて飛び込むとき、言語はもはや十分ではありません。それは、二元性を超えた私たちが誰であるかを捉えることができません。そうではなく、経験が主導権を握り、私たちを引き裂いても、出発点で再会させなければなりません。精神分析のゼロ。浩一のことがわかってくると、ここは私たち全員にとっての繋がりの場です。悲劇を通して、私たちは敷居を越え、ただ降伏するだけでよい帰属意識、一体感の空間に戻ります。浩一に。これは東洋的な考えですが、普遍的に展開されるものです。同じ空に浮かんでいるからこそ、お互いを見つけることができるのです。

    アイリーン: [00:36:07] 星座にいる私たち全員。それは、当惑させるほど単純な真実です。私があなただったかもしれないし、あなたが私だったかもしれないという考え。私たちは同じ布から切り取られているのです。深遠な本性に身を委ねると、深淵から何かが浮かび上がってきます。一緒にいることは、言葉の流れや有限の知識を必要とせず、すべてを包括するという理解。結局のところ、真の理解とは、他者に変容し、あらゆる接点でそれに固執する能力ではありません。そうではなく、見ること、聞くこと、何か他のものの存在を目撃し、それをそのままにしておくことだ、と言う意識的な行為です。これは傾聴の芸術です。繰り返しになりますが、私の名前はアイリーン・ダンです。次回のエピソードでは、話し手と聞き手の間の空間に飛び込んでいきますので、ぜひご参加ください。Apple、Spotify、またはポッドキャストを聴く場所ならどこでもフォローできます。そして、ショーを楽しんだら、レビューと5つ星の評価を残してください。それは私たちが成長し、新しい会話を提供し続けるのに役立ちます。それでは、また次回お会いしましょう。

We’re looking forward to reading your comments and thoughts.

Listen and Read

this mp3 audio file was Koichi:
What I need is to go back to the original point of meaning. It is just a coincidence. Just the constellation of a coincidence. I could have been him. I could have been her. So all human beings, in my understanding, is to be in the same universe.

Eileen:
I'm Eileen Dunn, and this is the Art of listening, a podcast that delves into the incomparable power of human connection and the magic of good depth Talk therapy. Joining us today is Koichi Togashi. As each of us maps out our sense of self, who we are, what we feel, where the ends of us meet, the beyond, we are bound to encounter something else, something foreign that will thicken its skin with time. Same as we flesh out the details of who we are. From this peculiar meeting curiosity grows, asking the question of what more could be. Again and again, never quite landing on an exacting truth. Could I grasp what others are living and breathing through? How do I bridge this divide to reach the other shore? Can I unveil just enough in others to find a shared plane of existence? Or as Koichi Togashi likes to put it.

Koichi:
We could go back to original meanings, original point of human encounters in which he and I and she and I were in the same universe.

Eileen:
Our conversation today is an attempt at finding each other. With Koichi we explore how division seeps into language as we seek to tell our individual stories, and we find that even the softest of words like empathy serve to label a contradiction, to be different yet reaching out. Accepting the insufficiency of language, Koichi will revisit moments of deep connection, locating their place of origin, which he calls the psychoanalytic zero. But before we join him in conversation, I ask you once more to consider a few questions throughout the episode. In your heart of hearts. What makes you feel that you belong in the world? Aligned with your surroundings, even as you grow into yourself and further away from all you once knew. What place in your mind or in the world do you return to when you feel a deep longing for connection and understanding? To give us food for thought? Let us speak to our guest, Koichi Togashi, a psychoanalyst practicing in Japan and the United States. He's the author of the Psychoanalytic Zero Decolonizing Study of Therapeutic Dialogues. The heart of your message as I got it and get it is something about what connects us as human beings. You know what transcends the differences between East and West... And how do we think about ourselves as human beings? You know, in relationship with our patients as human beings. Listening is what connects us with our patients, with each other, and with ourselves as human beings. You know, it's that quality of listening to really, really hear. So in the spirit of all that and my connection I feel I have with you as we come into this, thinking back to growing up, just reaching into your own personhood from the beginning of your lifetime, you know, do you think that the skill of listening, the capacity to really listen, was something natural to you from your youth? Or was it something that you had to work hard to learn.

Koichi:
Thinking back my childhood. I was not the listener... and interested in human beings...But it's very hard for me to listen to people. Then I get a training as a clinical psychologist, and I went to the New York City and I got a training in psychoanalysis. I Learned a lot. I learned a lot how we can diagnose, how we can assess a patient, how we can label a patient as a patient. So I thought I was very good at diagnosing assessing patients, but I did not think I was very good listener because I found myself forgetting how my patients are... Human beings. After I had a session with my patient, I always think I missed something important voice of my patient ... The more I believe I am good analyst and psychologist to label the patient, the more I feel I'm not a good listener. So this is my struggle. I have struggled a long time as a therapist. So this is the one of the reason why I try to have new theory to be connected to a patient. Real human beings.

Eileen:
New theory. Say more.

Koichi:
New theory is a theory which helps me to experience myself and my patients, both as a human being. And psychoanalysis has, you know, several schools of sorts. So I am a self psychologist. I'm self psychological And intersubjective theorist. The self psychology and intersubjectivity focuses on empathy, the term empathy. The empathy is very helpful word a beautiful word which helps me to connect with patients. The patient in mind. But I'm not satisfied with the concept. It is a beautiful word, but to me, when we say we are empathetic to a patient, there is a basic premise that they and I are different. There is a basic premise that I and others are different because, you know, we say we are empathic with them, meaning I know they are a different person from me. I am not them. So we have to transcend and go beyond the self and other differentiation. You know, some people healthy, some people are poor and some people are wealthy. There's many division here. He's a patient... i am not... You know, distinctions.

Eileen:
Dichotomies.

Koichi:
Yeah, dichotomies. But it is just a coincidence. Just the constellation of a coincidence that I... that I was not being abused, but she was. I was not the victimizer, but he was. That's just to me, it's a due to the constellation of coincidence. I could have been him. I could have been her. So all human beings, in my understanding, is to be in the same universe. It's it's it's eastern idea. But the Western people have trained it's like and a training in a New York City for five years. And they gave me the important concept empathy. But. As long as I use the term an empathy. I don't believe that we can go beyond or transcend self and other differentiation. What I need is to go back to the original point. Of meaning. Because it is my belief that we are human beings. So. How we can go back to the original point before we are divided. So this is a theory. I probably need it.

Eileen:
Instead of being about. The fact that we're different is something about what we share or what makes us connected most fundamentally.

Koichi:
Yeah, don't like the word connection because connection means. Two different people are connected.

Eileen:
Okay, right. You're that sensitive, right?

Koichi:
Yeah. So what I'm thinking is it's related to my background. You know, I've grown up in this. You know, in Japan, I always feel I am alien, I am... and I am not connected to the community. I know I'm a Japanese, I speak Japanese, but my way of thinking. Is sometime criticized by the people around me. And you are not Japanese. Your way of thinking is so different from them. There is one of the reason why I decided to go to New York. I looked for the place in which I feel more secure and connected. New York City is very wonderful city to me because there are people so different. I don't have to be worry about my, you know, myself. I am me and it's so obvious that they and i are different. But same time. I went to New York. I entered in the United States. July 30th, 2001. It's one month earlier than 9/11 attack. Wow. And I lived in the 46th Street in the Midtown of Manhattan and very close to in the downtown. But it's, you know, it is interesting experience to me. The night of attack. I was very shocked by the terrorist attack. But same time, the 911 helps me. To accommodate or, you know, connect it to the New York people. The first one month after I entered into the United States, I suffered from deep, deep culture shock.

Koichi:
I found myself feeling alone and lonely and disconnected to the people because then I left everything behind in Japan. I quit my job. I leave my friends or, you know. But after September 11th, I sensed that all New Yorkers are, you know, get connected, get together. We are all survivors or we are victimized. So that's helped me to adjust myself to the new city. But a few months after I recognized that I am a Japanese, east Asian. Heritage. So I feel safe in the New York City. But how, you know, Arab people experience this incident, how Islamic people experience the kind of, you know, environment. So it means that to me, we create connection by. Dumping out other people... If we create division. Then we try to survive in this world. The human connection is very helpful. It's important. But at the same time, human connection creates division. That's maybe big experience to me and it's motivated me to seek a new theory. So what I'm thinking is how we could go back to original meanings, original point of human encounters, in which he and I and she and I were in the same universe. I could have been him and he could have been me.

Eileen:
Listening to Koichi, I am struck by the resilience and the plasticity of his thinking. Amongst the rubble of a city torn by tragedy. He finds trauma exposed anew as a place of connect and disconnect. What a fascinating discovery. On the one hand, bearing the brunt of tragedy brings us together, submitting to its weight. We lose the same. We grieve the same. We survive the same. On the other hand, trauma hinders our ability to reach further than what we can see. We grow defensive, territorial, defining with a rigidity. We mistake for strength. Who is allowed to share our sorrow? We push away whoever is left beyond these limits. The borders of our understanding. Like both sides of a picture laid flat in a diptych. Trauma lets us in on a hidden place. Wherein lies the original point of connection. But this shared humanity is not contained in trauma. If anything, trauma is only a door we step through to access it. Hence, for Koichi, the tragic events of 911 were a passage, a route through which he caught a glimpse of something new, a different kind of thinking. It really was just that moment when you came to this country, in that moment in your lifetime, and it contributed to your experience of connecting, but also the launch of the thinking that you've been doing since then. I could be you. You could be me, right? Is that what you mean by the psychoanalytic zero? Yeah. Yes.

Koichi:
It is the original point we can go back to. To me, it a trauma point. Trauma. Some people believe trauma destroy and the human world. And some people believe the trauma creates a human division, human divide. But I don't believe trauma creates something. A human being creates trauma because we have to label. We have to name. he, she and I. And this is you. This is me. We human being. Name it. That's create the trauma to me. So my challenge is how we therapist go back to the original point before we name the word... Am I crazy?!

Eileen:
No, I mean... I think again, I think that what you're putting words to and words are labels which again have their function but also their limit. But in an effort to communicate and share your thought that it's just profoundly fundamental that there's something much bigger and original. And enduring that we share. Then what distinguishes us or comes to apparently separate us or distinguish us.

Koichi:
Yeah, but I'm not saying that the concept of zero or the player witness is an idea which should praise the empathy or other psychoanalytic term. And also, I don't think we can become our patient. The patient and I are different. It's obvious to me. And he or she is a patient, I am therapist. We can we can deny the difference. But to me, through the concept of analytic zero or the sense of being player witness. We can remember. How we miss the basic human being. You know, the concept reminds me how we forget about. We are born as a human being.

Eileen:
That's it. So you're saying it doesn't preclude empathy or these other levels of thought about theory and technique and the roles of our work and relationship... There's a point to all that, it's not a problem. But it's something about that fundamental reminder that we are human beings, and it's a thing to remember that affects everything we do and how we do it in the work. I'm thinking about the patient you described who had the disfigurement of her face, let's say, and how you talked about... You both knew it. So little was said directly, explicitly. I understood that to be timing and process and sensitivity in that until there came a time where there was a crisis moment where she said, "am I ugly?" And the delicate way that you responded in saying in responding and nodding. And not saying more as I recall and understood it. It was like a moment of I want to say contact. Between you. And shared encounter. That was maybe the moment you had been living in the work, preparing for all the time. That, then, was the turning point in the work where that which she had suffered, you know, being patronised by the world or feeling judged and distanced, etcetera, and then fighting within herself, she had a different encounter with you. And could leave the treatment feeling herself differently in the world, knowing that feeling the zero. I want to say that somehow she got the message herself. It could have been you. Koichi instead of herself.

Koichi:
Yeah. Thank you for reading carefully my book. Thank you so much. I think it is a very moment that we share what kind of world we live. So. And at this point, I no longer feel that she is a patient. I have to be empathic. She is no longer the poor patient she is. She's just human beings. And because I could have got scar in my face in another universe. So the reason I believe why this idea is very important is because it helps me to understand why we therapists want to treat our patients. It's not easy job. We spend a lot of energy to be with them, to listen to them. Why we want to do you know, is it because we they are poor victims that we want to spend the time to listen to them? It is because we want we have professional grade skills that we spend our energy being with the so-called difficult patient. My answer is no. We are willing to do such hard work because we know that somewhere along with the way, we have been in the same universe.

Eileen:
This sounds like your answer to the question. You know, what's the understanding you believe to be integral to all professional listeners success with our patients... This sounds like your answer. Yeah. Freed from the need to identify with theory, Koichi roots his practice in a bare pre liminal space wherein all life is shared. This makes knowing others intrinsically valuable. Natural even. But his approach is as simple as it is deceptive. For it takes time, trials, errors, and numerous humbling things to peel back the layers. So, Koichi, I you know, I have the sense that you've been on your own real journey over the course of your lifetime, since your youth and your young adulthood in the profession, through the academics that are necessary to come into, you know, these capacities. I wonder how you think of yourself growing over time, from what you know about your own experience of living into the limit of what the textbook could tell you and what launched your own learning, your own growth coming into your beliefs. Was there a pivotal moment where you said, that's it, burn the books? It's up to me. Well.

Koichi:
There's a huge ambition in my mind still and in the psychoanalytic world. I want to be famous or I want to be. I want to get some kind of, you know, prize, or I want to have some kind of reputation from my community. I'm still very narcissistic and grandiose. I not able to leave the grandiose fantasy, but but the one of the important experiences I had is, you know, my, my practice in in Hiroshima. I'm practicing now in Hiroshima and Kobe. I had no connection with the Hiroshima city. But when I graduated from the Psychoanalytic Institute in New York City, I got a position at the university in Hiroshima. It's just a coincidence that I started my practice in the Hiroshima city. Because I was born in Tokyo and growing up in Tokyo area, I have no idea what kind of trauma the people in Hiroshima have. But as soon as I started seeing the patient in the city, I realized that every patient there has a piece of trauma. You know, the piece of trauma from A bomb. Atomic bomb or Pacific war. It was almost 80 years ago. 80 years ago. Most of my patients are second or third generation of atomic bomb survivors, or some patients are not directly related to atomic bomb in any of their generations, but they they can see trauma in their mind. For example, some patients show less or no emotional responses to natural disaster, war, and terrorism. Some patients are very highly sensitive to these events. I think the city of Hiroshima itself was traumatized. In a sense. They believe even small children need to witness A Bomb disaster. Elementary schools in Hiroshima City take even children as young as 6 or 7 years old to the Peace Memorial Museum, which shows people grotesque and miserable and painful pictures and films of atomic bomb.

Koichi:
The children often suffer from the secondary trauma because they are, you know, exposed to the kind of films. What is even more interesting to me is that. By showing such a painful and hurtful. Photos and films of Japanese people. They are trying to let children know that the Japanese are terrible. Perpetuators Victimizers. I don't deny that Japanese are guilty. It is an undeniable fact that Japan started a terrible war and destroyed many Asian cities and kills a lot of people in Asia, in America and other region. But the problem is, they proved their guilt by showing many injured, killed Japanese people and then I question and keep questioning. How we can differentiate between. Victimizer and victims in the Pacific War. I believe Japanese people are victimizers as well as a victim. How I can, you know, walk out the kind of distinction. That's very important question to me because I'm a therapist. So in my practice, I believe that we are sometime. Stay in the kind of division because we. Say. He or she is a patient. I am not a patient. I am a therapist. He was. She is, you know, pathological. And I'm not. So you know this type of division. Also, we can see the kind of division all over the world. It's not on the social trauma, social problems, but also our clinical practice. So we cannot completely forget the kind of division. But I believe that there is a way that we can work out this divide.

Eileen:
Overcoming our divisions is a process that brings us face to face with our deepest contradictions. This task is as intuitive as it is taxing. It's necessary, yet it relies solely on our goodwill. And while we know it is the work of the impossible, we strive for it no matter what, and so exerting our desire to transcend difference will leave us strained. Taking us to a place of pain which can be a vector of connection, as we have seen. But as we etch this process deeper into who we are, let us also learn a new way to meet to cross paths at the junction of our human experiences. Let us rest and connect through surrender. You know, I read your description and discussion of. Am I pronouncing it correctly? Makoto. Makoto. Makoto. Makoto. I wonder if you could say something more about that. It just really struck me, as I want to call it a beautiful aesthetic, the way you described it in the midst of all of what we've been talking about together.

Koichi:
Yeah. Makoto in Japanese is a controversial term. It's good and bad. Sometimes very good, sometimes very bad. Makoto means surrendering our self to the big flow of the universe. It's very eastern, you know? More narrow meaning is to be honest with my mind. Honest with myself means surrendering ourselves to the the big flow of the universe because they, and I believe that individual is a part of the universe. There's no distinction between, you know, big society and the big universe and individual. Individual is always part of the flow of the universe. So sometimes Japanese people surrender ourself to big movement of society by using the term of Makoto. This word more negative form. It's suicide attack. You know, in Japanese people, the young people believe that killing themselves is to help the world. Because, you know, there's no question about their individual life, because the flow of the universe require them to kill themselves. It's very negative form. It is a pure it is honesty for these people. That's what I said, that it is very controversial, but we can use this word in a positive way. To me, so surrendering our self to be with the environment as a conditions, just to be with patients, storing up all of the idea of theories and techniques and skills. So we just forget about all things, then we surrender ourself to the place. This is the way I supposed to do this. This is a sense of Makoto. We are human beings always have some preoccupation. It's pretty hard for us to. You know, get rid of the preoccupation. Maybe it's impossible, but we may be able to get the moment in which we get rid of all of the artificial theories or understanding or preoccupation.

Eileen:
I totally appreciate your, you know, spelling it out. And nothing is simple. It makes me think that it really does come back to, I want to say, our intention, but I wonder, by way of pulling ourselves to a close here, this is a different medium than writing a paper and delivering it, you know, before a group of colleagues. This is a different medium. It's very intimate. It's just you and me here, really. But I wonder how it's been for you. What do you notice when you pause? How has it been to be here with me and see what has happened?

Koichi:
I enjoy talking with you and being with you, but what I feel a little bit sad is that this is not my first language. You know, this is my second language. It's pretty hard for me to describe what I'm thinking. But maybe even in Japanese. I'm always feel the difficult, you know, to describe what I'm thinking. But second language is more difficult for me to use to describe the kind of complicated and sensitive ideas. And also, we are preoccupied with language, as many philosophers says. Talking about my sensitivity and talking about eastern concept in English, it's sometime very difficult because the basic philosophies are so different. But but you know, I'm so happy to be with you and wish I could connect it to each other with that language.

Eileen:
You know, I really appreciate your honesty and your candor here. I think you come to life here. Koichi, I think we come to life here different when we try to talk to each other with and without words. Yeah. Your language and mine, you know, and that might sound a little idealistic, but that's how it works for me. And that's how I feel it. As our conversation with Koichi comes to a close, I am reminded of why we choose to come together. Withstanding our contradictions, the search for others begins with a desire to understand their difference. To overcome a divide. As we dive in looking for our shared humanity, language no longer suffices. It fails to capture who we are beyond duality. Instead, experience must take the lead, tearing us apart only to reunite us at a starting point. The psychoanalytic zero. As I begin to understand Koichi, this is the place of connection for us all. Through tragedy, we cross a threshold, returning to a space of belonging, of togetherness, where we only need to surrender. To Koichi. This is an eastern idea, but one that unfolds universally. We find each other because we float in the same sky.

Eileen:
All of us in constellations. It is a truth as simple as it is bewildering. The idea that I could have been you and you could have been me. That we are cut from the same cloth. When we let go of ourselves into our profound nature, something emerges out of the deep. The understanding that being together requires no flow of words or finite, all encompassing knowledge. In the end, true understanding is not our ability to morph into what is other, to adhere to it at every point of contact. Instead, it is the conscious act of seeing, of listening, of witnessing the existence of something else and saying, let it be. This has been the art of listening. Again, my name is Eileen Dunn. Please join us for the next episode as we continue to dive into the space between speaker and listener. You can follow on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you listen to podcasts. And if you enjoyed the show, please leave a review and a five star rating. It helps us grow so that we can keep bringing you new conversations. And we'll see you next time.

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